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Per
Wikipedia.org: Amazon was founded in
1994, spurred by what Bezos called "regret
minimization framework", his effort to fend
off regret for not staking a claim in the
Internet gold rush. While company lore says
Bezos wrote the business plan while he and
his wife drove from New York to Seattle,
Washington, that account appears to be
apocryphal.
The company began as an online bookstore
named "Cadabra.com", a name quickly abandoned
for sounding like "cadaver"; while the largest
brick-and-mortar bookstores and mail-order
catalogs for books might offer 200,000 titles,
an on-line bookstore could offer more. Bezos
renamed the company "Amazon" after the world's
biggest river. Since 2000, Amazon's logotype is
an arrow leading from A to Z, representing
customer satisfaction (as it forms a smile) and
the goal to have every product in the
alphabet.
In 1994, the company incorporated in the
state of Washington, beginning service in July
1995, and was reincorporated in 1996 in
Delaware. The first book Amazon.com sold was
Douglas Hofstadter's Fluid Concepts and
Creative Analogies: Computer Models of the
Fundamental Mechanisms of Thought. Amazon.com
issued its initial public offering of stock on
May 15, 1997, trading under the NASDAQ stock
exchange symbol AMZN, at an IPO price of
US$18.00 per share (U.S. $1.50 after three
stock splits in the late 1990s).
Amazon's initial
business plan was unusual: the company did
not expect a profit for four to five years;
the strategy was effective. Amazon grew
steadily in the late 1990s while other
Internet companies grew blindingly fast.
Amazon's "slow" growth provoked stockholder
complaints: that the company was not
reaching profitability fast enough. When the
dot-com bubble burst, and many e-companies
went out of business, Amazon persevered,
and, finally, turned its first profit in the
fourth quarter of 2001: U.S. $5 million,
just 1¢ per share, on revenues of more than
U.S. $1 billion, but the profit was
symbolically important.
The company remains profitable: 2003 net
income was U.S.$35.3 million, U.S.$588.50
million in 2004, U.S.$359 million in 2005, and
U.S.$190 million in 2006 (including a U.S.$662
million charge for R&D in 2006),
nevertheless, the firm's cumulative profits
remain negative. As of September 2007, the
accumulated deficit stood at U.S.$1.58 billion.
Revenues increased thanks to product
diversification and an international presence:
US$3.9 billion in 2002, U.S.$5.3 billion in
2003, U.S.$6.9 billion in 2004, U.S.$8.5
billion in 2005, and U.S.$10.7 billion in 2006.
On November 21, 2005, Amazon entered the
S&P 500 index, replacing AT&T after it
merged with SBC Communications.
In 1999, Time Magazine named Bezos Person of
the Year, recognizing the company's success in
popularizing on-line shopping.
The company's global headquarters is located
on Seattle, Washington's Beacon Hill. It has
offices throughout other parts of greater
Seattle including Union Station and The
Columbia Center.
Amazon has announced plans to move its
headquarters to the South Lake Union
neighborhood of Seattle beginning in mid-2010,
with full occupancy by 2011. This move will
consolidate all Seattle employees onto the new
11-building campus.
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